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# Aviation History - Century of Flight

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## Posts

- [Blog](https://www.century-of-flight.net/blog/)
- [ATP Flight School Review](https://www.century-of-flight.net/atp-flight-school-review/) - I have been meaning to get around to posting a full review of my experience attending ATP Flight School for a long time, but have been sidetracked for one reason or another. Now that I work from home, I have the time to write ridiculously long blog posts such as this one. It has been
- [Class B (Bravo) Airspace Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/class-b-bravo-airspace-explained/) - Class B, or Class Bravo Airspace, is the biggest class of airspace that exists around an airport. It is reserved for only the biggest and busiest of airports, the realm of the passenger and cargo jets. In many ways it is also the most restrictive, with certain barriers to entry for many types of planes
- [Visual Descent Point (VDP) Explained: 4 Things To Know](https://www.century-of-flight.net/visual-descent-point-vdp-explained-4-things-to-know/) - Flying along on a beautiful clear day makes planning a safe landing a piece of cake. Avoiding controlled flight into terrain is easy when you can actually see the terrain! Having to descend through clouds, however, can be a bit unnerving. Watching the altimeter unwind towards obstructions that you cannot see becomes easier to swallow
- [Unusual Attitude Recovery: 2 Examples Of How To Recover](https://www.century-of-flight.net/unusual-attitude-recovery/) - Loss of control is one of the leading causes of airplane accidents and is also one of the leading causes of airplane related fatalities. Airplanes normally don’t fall out of the sky, and before a loss of control occurs, planes tend to do unusual things. Usually, by the time the pilot realizes he has lost
- [Constant Speed Propellers Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/constant-speed-propellers-explained/) - Fixed Pitch propellers are fine and dandy for most low performance bug-smashers, but as power and performance increases, there needs to be a better way to get that power into the air. As power increases, a fixed-pitch propeller either needs to increase in size, or a different propeller with a steeper pitch must be installed.
- [Biennial Flight Review Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/biennial-flight-review-explained/) - To start off this article, we thought it would be important to quote the exact FAA's requirements for the Biennial Flight Review, or BFR. Here it is below: “Federal Aviation Regulations § 61.56 Flight review. (a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (f) of this section, a flight review consists of a minimum of
- [5 Best Low Time Pilot Jobs With 250 Hours](https://www.century-of-flight.net/5-best-low-time-pilot-jobs-with-250-hours/) - Special Note: If you're a newly-graduated commercial pilot looking for a low-time job, consider checking out Airployment.com. They post over a dozen new pilot jobs everyday, many of them low-time. Right now, they're offering a special limited-time offer of $1 for the first 2 weeks, and just $9/ month after that. You can learn more
- [Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT)](https://www.century-of-flight.net/controlled-flight-into-terrain-cfit/) - By definition, Controlled Flight Into Terrain (or CFIT) occurs when an airworthy aircraft, under control by a qualified pilot unaware of his position, flies into the ground, water, or obstacles. We can assume that a typical pilot or flight crew will not knowingly fly into the ground or an obstruction! According to the FAA, 17%
- [How Do Fowler Flaps Work?](https://www.century-of-flight.net/how-do-fowler-flaps-work/) - Flaps have become ubiquitous on modern airplanes, as they give pilots more flexibility and maneuverability during landing and, occasionally, takeoff. The purpose of flaps is to create both extra lift and drag, lift being created by increasing the surface area of the wing, and drag by extending the flap down into the air stream. This
- [Taxiway Markings, Signs, and Lights Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/taxiway-markings-signs-and-lights-explained/) - Like runway markings, taxiway markings are standardized throughout the world. A quick look at the layout of Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport demonstrates the need for clear and consistent markings and signs to allow flight crews to navigate to and from any one of the runways. It is important that pilots understand taxiway and runway markings
- [10 Runway, Airport, & Taxiway Lights Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/10-runway-airport-taxiway-lights-explained/) - Airport lighting, to be used to guide and inform pilots, can vary widely from one airport to the next. First, high-volume commercial and international airports have a variety of lighting systems to guide aircraft to the touchdown point, and to control ground traffic approaching the runways via taxiways. Smaller municipal, county, and private airports will
- [10 Things You Never Knew About The De Havilland Mosquito](https://www.century-of-flight.net/de-havilland-mosquito-facts/) - The De Havilland Mosquito was nicknamed the 'Wooden Wonder" due to it's wooden frame construction. It also has quite the history. Here are 10 facts you never knew about the fastest operational aircraft in the world right at the start of World War 2. 1. You can buy your very own De Havilland Mosquito for
- [Aviation In The 1920's - 1930's](https://www.century-of-flight.net/commercial-aviation-industry-1920-1930/) - It is unknown when the first passenger aircraft services took place in the United States, but one of the earliest recorded instances was in 1913. Sular Christofferson transported passengers between San Francisco and Oakland harbours by hydroplane. Another early instance was in 1914 when passengers were carried from Tampa and St. Petersburg, Florida by a
- [Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC): IFR Currency Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/instrument-proficiency-check-ipc/) - All pilots are subject to flight reviews to check their skills, as well as maintain their privileges to fly. Private pilots through Airline Transport Pilots (ATPs) must undergo a Biennial Flight Review (BFR) or other, often more frequent reviews, to maintain their flight privileges. The Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC) is a flight review for pilots
- [History of the Airfoil](https://www.century-of-flight.net/history-of-the-airfoil/) - Some of the first research on curvatures or the camber of a wing, known as an airfoil, was conducted by the famous Wright brothers. As powered flight was in its infancy, airfoils were traditionally hand-built for each aircraft. Prior to World War 1, there was no standardized airfoil that was used on multiple planes, and
- [GUMPS Check Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/gumps-check-explained/) - Every pilot is familiar with checklists. Even on the simplest aircraft, there are tasks and actions that should be accomplished before, during, and after a flight. Omitting or forgetting a key step can result in poor performance (leaving flaps down or mixture rich) or damage to the aircraft (failure to extend landing gear or advancing
- [Runway Markings Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/runway-markings-explained/) - As pilots taxi to or from takeoff or landing, especially at major commercial airports, markings on the taxiways and runways provide important guidance. Under normal operations, this guidance is mandatory, so pilots must recognize and know what these markings mean. Here we describe the runway markings in approximately the same sequence the pilot would see
- [History of the Flying Wing](https://www.century-of-flight.net/history-of-flying-wings/) - History of the British Flying Wing The tailless aircraft concept was present in Britain throughout World War II, and many of the designs came from Handley Page, Armstrong Whitworth, General Aircraft Ltd., and de Havilland. The Handley Page Manx was designed by Dr. Gustav V. Lachman, and it had a single vertical fin on the
- [Class D Airspace Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/class-d-airspace-explained/) - There are several classes of airspace that require control, and Class D (Delta) airspace encompasses some of the smallest airports that require a control tower. For pilots flying smaller General Aviation airplanes, Delta is the least intimidating controlled airspace to fly into. Flight into an airport with an operating control tower is actually a requirement
- [Special Use Airspace Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/special-use-airspace-explained/) - On a clear day, one can see for miles in any direction, but what you can’t see are the invisible lines that crisscross the country. These lines are the imaginary ones that are depicted on the sectional chart. They separate areas in which a pilot can fly, and have different rules based on the type
- [Types of Landing Gear Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/types-of-landing-gear-explained/) - If you want to take off in an airplane, you don’t want to scrape along on your belly while on the ground. You also want to land without bending your prop and hopefully want to use the airplane again. To facilitate movement on the ground, airplanes are fitted with a variety of landing gear depending
- [10 Fast Facts About The B77W Aircraft](https://www.century-of-flight.net/10-fast-facts-about-the-b77w-aircraft/) - The Boeing 777 has been a staple in widebody transport since its first flight in 1994. Since then, the 777 (also known as the B777 or the Triple Seven) has seen many variants developed from it. The most numerous and successful variant of Triple Seven is the 777-300ER, also known by its ICAO designation as
- [10 Things You (probably) Didn't Know About The B-32 Dominator](https://www.century-of-flight.net/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-the-b-32-dominator/) - The Consolidated B-32 Dominator has a checkered past and a short-lived operational life. Developed in parallel with the much more famous and successful Boeing B-29 Superfortress, it failed to find a niche, and was phased out after a short operational period. Despite its obscurity, the B-32 Dominator remains famous for a nefarious reason. Read on
- [10 Uncommon Facts About The Grumman F7F Tigercat](https://www.century-of-flight.net/10-uncommon-facts-about-the-grumman-f7f-tigercat/) - The Grumman F7F Tigercat is a little-known US Navy fighter, but is a plane that has an interesting history. Seeing service just after World War 2 ended, it became a victim of the rapid technological advancements becoming common at the time. It holds several firsts for a Navy fighter, as well as boasts limited combat
- [10 Things You (probably) Didn't Know About The ERJ 135](https://www.century-of-flight.net/10-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-the-erj-135/) - Developed in the 1990’s, Brazilian manufacturer Embraer developed the ERJ series of aircraft to fill a perceived new market for a plane that was faster and more comfortable than turboprops of the time. ERJ stands for Embraer Regional Jet, and the ERJ 135 is a popular choice for small regional carriers that specialize in short-haul
- [10 Things You Never Knew About The Junkers Ju-52](https://www.century-of-flight.net/junkers-ju-52-fast-facts/) - The Junkers Ju 52 was an early tri-motor transport plane known primarily for its use by Germany during World War 2. However, it was initially designed as a passenger and cargo aircraft, and it served in almost every role during the war. From carrying civilian passengers and Nazi paratroopers, to bombs, cargo, and even minesweeping
- [Runway Visual Range (RVR) Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/runway-visual-range-rvr-explained/) - RVR stands for Runway Visual Range and is the most accurate observation method used in determining how far a pilot will be able to see horizontally down the runway. Why Does Visibility Matter So Much? Pilots need to know what the visibility is at an airport for a variety of reasons. Visual pilots need to
- [Retractable Landing Gear Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/retractable-landing-gear-explained/) - Even the Wright Brothers knew that planes needed some way to reduce friction while on the ground to enable roll out and flight. The easiest solution for this problem are wheels that are low enough to keep the propeller from impacting the ground while the plane is taking off or landing. The earliest planes had
- [Ford Trimotor: 10 Fast Facts](https://www.century-of-flight.net/ford-trimotor-10-fast-facts/) - The Ford Trimotor was one of the first large passenger planes, and proved its worth with its simplicity, ruggedness, and reliability. Nicknamed the “Tin Goose,” the Trimotor first flew in 1925, and served in constant use for over 60 years. For such a limited production run, the Ford Trimotor has a lot of interesting facts
- [4 Types of Hypoxia Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/4-types-of-hypoxia-explained/) - There are many physiological factors to consider as a pilot, and one in particular can be as insidious as it can be deadly: Hypoxia. Hypoxia is medical jargon for “lack of oxygen.” While the cells in our body can die without enough oxygen, the most immediate threat is the effect Hypoxia has on the brain
- [5 Types of Flaps Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/5-types-of-flaps-explained/) - We know that flaps are high lift devices that allow us to descend at a steeper angle without increasing airspeed. There are many different types of flaps, but the 5 most common ones are: Plain flaps Split Flaps Slotted Flaps Fowler Flaps Leading Edge Flaps are mounted on the rear of the wing. Another type
- [Light Gun Signals Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/light-gun-signals-explained/) - Most flights go smoothly, without issues. However, mechanical devices have their limits, and sometimes electrical components, like radios, fail. What happens if you fly out of a towered airport, but your radio fails? Are you able to get back to the airport without communications? What if your radio is broken, but your airport doesn’t have
- [Left Turning Tendencies Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/left-turning-tendencies-explained/) - I recall reading an article in AOPA magazine titled NASCAR drivers fly too! The article went on to discuss how a lot of NASCAR drivers also have pilot certificates. This didn’t surprise me. Why is that? Because flying airplanes can be similar to driving in NASCAR. One of those similarities involves the tendency to make
- [Parts of an Aircraft Explained: The Ultimate Guide](https://www.century-of-flight.net/parts-of-an-airplane-explained/) - Airplanes are able to conquer gravity, and therefore they have a certain mystique about them. However, the principles of flight were figured out rather quickly, and the typical airplane looks similar to the way it did 100 years ago. While technology has improved, many of the systems, such as the engines, are essentially the same
- [Airspace Classes Explained: The Ultimate Guide](https://www.century-of-flight.net/airspace-classes-explained-the-ultimate-guide/) - There are many different kinds of airplanes, all of which are all doing different kinds of things and going different places. On one hand, you have the regularly scheduled passenger flights on airliners going from city to city. On the other hand, you have the small 2, 4, and 6 seat bug smashers heading out
- [Equal Flying Rights for Women - The First Female Aviators](https://www.century-of-flight.net/equal-flying-rights-for-women/) - Women have been involved with aviation since the Wright Brothers' first brief flight in 1903. Although Katherine Wright didn't fly with her brothers until 1909, she supported them both financially and emotionally, eventually becoming their social manager in Europe, and knew everything about the workings of their early airplanes. Blanche Scott claimed to be the
- [The Worlds First Jetliners](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-worlds-first-jetliners/) - The invention of the jet engine revolutionized air travel. Not only could jet airplanes travel much faster than planes with piston engines, they could also climb faster and fly higher. However, there were also two disadvantages. Jet engines had high operating temperatures and consumed great amounts of fuel. Related Article - 5 Best Low Time
- [Military Balloon History: 1850 - 1900](https://www.century-of-flight.net/military-balloon-history-1850-1900/) - In Europe, the use of balloons for military purposes began around the middle of the nineteenth century. Hot air balloons were first developed in the western world by the Montgolfier brothers in the late eighteenth century, but they were not used in warfare until 1849, when Austrian forces attempted to utilize them against Italy. The
- [German Inter Continental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) Program History](https://www.century-of-flight.net/german-inter-continental-ballistic-missile-icbm-program-history/) - The term ICBM stands for Inter-Continental Ballistic Missile, which is a fancy way of saying it’s a missile that’s capable of traversing long distances in a very short period of time. ICBM’s are nothing new. The US has had an arsenal of them for well over 50 years at this point, all ready to go
- [5 Types of Airspeed Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/5-types-of-airspeed-explained/) - Airplanes only create lift within a certain speed range, so to maintain flight, a pilot has to fly between minimum and maximum speeds. Just reading the airspeed off of the Airspeed Indicator doesn’t give the full picture, however. There are inherent accuracies in the Airspeed Indicator itself, as well as other conditions that make the
- [Mastering Crosswind Landings: 3 Techniques To Use](https://www.century-of-flight.net/mastering-the-crosswind-landing/) - What happens when you want to land, but the wind isn’t directly down the runway? Well, if you happen to be flying in the Navy you can radio to the ship captain to position the runway at a better angle. For the rest of us, you have to make a crosswind landing. Although this can
- [Airspeed Indicator Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/airspeed-indicator-explained/) - There are only a few non-engine indicators that an airplane really needs for VFR flight. A compass to see where you’re headed, an altimeter to see how high up you are, and an airspeed indicator to tell how fast you are going. Planes are designed to operate at certain speeds, and it’s important to be
- [Special VFR Clearance Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/special-vfr-clearance-explained/) - Every pilot would love it if Mother Nature cooperated every time they entered the cockpit and gave us clear skies and tailwinds for every flight. Unfortunately, Mother Nature can be moody and vindictive, and occasionally seems to bring the clouds down, just to spite us. Sometimes, we’d like to fly, but the weather is below
- [Aircraft Altimeters Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/aircraft-altimeters-explained/) - The altimeter is only one of many instruments, but it is one of the most important because it tells the pilot how high they are. But just reading the number indicated doesn’t give the full picture about what’s going on. Why? Because there are different definitions of altitude, and altimeters must be calibrated correctly to
- [Class G Airspace Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/class-g-airspace-explained/) - Class G airspace can often times be confusing and misunderstood, especially for new pilots. We are taught about Class A, B, C, and D airspace, and that E stands for everything else. But what exactly is Class G airspace, where is it located, and what are the requirements to fly in it? What are the
- [Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/visual-approach-slope-indicator-vasi-explained/) - Most people, both pilots and passengers alike, will judge the flying skills of a pilot based on how smoothly they can put the aircraft down on landing. Performing the perfect landing starts off by making a perfect approach. Making a perfect approach can be made much easier by taking advantage of everything installed at the
- [Turbojet vs. Turbofan Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/turbojet-vs-turbofan-explained/) - Leafing through Jane’s, or geeking out about your favorite planes on Wikipedia, you may have noticed that some planes are said to have turbojet engines, and some have turbofans. You might be wondering (and for good reason) what the differences are between each. Throughout this article, we'll give you a brief understanding of what each
- [Choosing a Flight School Near You](https://www.century-of-flight.net/choosing-a-flight-school-near-you/) - Learning to fly can be one of the most challenging, yet rewarding activities you may ever partake upon in your life. One of the most important decisions you will make about your flying career is choosing the right flight school. Sometimes this is not so easy, as you may only have one or two flight
- [Restricted ATP Explained](https://www.century-of-flight.net/restricted-atp-explained/) - Before being allowed first officer privileges in an airliner, one must get an ATP (Airline Transport Pilot) certificate, which requires 1500 flight hours, among other requirements. With that said, is there a way to get into the right seat without 1500 hours? Yes, with the R-ATP, or Restricted Airline Transport Pilot certificate. Under certain circumstances,
- [Airline Transport Pilot Certificate: 4 Things You Need to Know](https://www.century-of-flight.net/airline-transport-pilot-certificate/) - In the United States, pilot certification is regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The FAA has various types of pilot ratings depending on logged flight time, experience and type of operation, such as airline travel or carrying persons or cargo for compensation or hire. The highest level of pilot certification available is an Airline
- [Aircraft over Gallipoli: The Air Campaign in the Dardanelles](https://www.century-of-flight.net/aircraft-over-gallipoli-the-air-campaign-in-the-dardanelles/) - In March of 1915, the Turks started to prepare for an invading force from the Western Allies in the Dardanelles sector of the Ottoman Empire. They created an army group specifically tasked with repelling the expected Allied forces. The Turkish 5th Army was formed on March 25th, 1915, and it was led by Field General
- [History of the Flying Boat](https://www.century-of-flight.net/history-of-flying-boats/) - Glen Curtiss developed the first float-plane in 1912, and he produced more than 7,000 JN Jenny’s in World War I. The Navy-Curtiss 4 made the first staged aerial crossing of the Atlantic in 1919. The aircraft became more militarized due to World War I nationalism. In 1931, Britain’s Supermarine S.6B became the inspiration for the
- [Howard Hughes Mini Biography](https://www.century-of-flight.net/howard-hughes-mini-biography/) - From the Wright Brothers to Charles Lindbergh to Amelia Earhart, Chuck Yeager and John Glenn, aviation history is replete with larger than life heroes. Men and women who blazed the trail for the modern aviation industry. Among these we must include the enigmatic Howard Hughes Jr. who, unlike anyone before or since, pushed the aviation
- [Sikorsky UH-60/S-70 Black Hawk Family](https://www.century-of-flight.net/sikorsky-uh-60-s-70-black-hawk-family/) - In 1972, the Army put out a call for a Utility Tactical Transport System, or UTTAS, helicopter. After its experiences in the Vietnam War, the Army was looking for a machine that was better able to operate under fire than the Huey. The Sikorsky S-70 was the answer to the Army’s request. It came with
- [M.A.S.H. Medevac Helicopters](https://www.century-of-flight.net/m-a-s-h-medevac-helicopters/) - During World War II, the military used helicopters for light duties that included surveying the enemy and landscape and patrolling the seas against submarine attacks. In June 1945, U.S. helicopters were used for the first time to evacuate injured soldiers from the front lines and fly them to safe hospitals. It was the first time
- [Private Helicopters](https://www.century-of-flight.net/private-helicopters/) - The engineers who built early helicopters envisioned their machines to become as commonplace as automobiles. Both Stanley Hiller, Jr., the founder of United Helicopters, and Arthur Young, who built the Bell Model 47, envisioned the helicopter to become the transportation method of choice for businessmen and families alike. This vision never became reality. Unlike small
- [Helicopters at War](https://www.century-of-flight.net/helicopters-at-war/) - During World War II, helicopters were still limited in their capabilities. Thus, they were not used widely, although they did see service as supply and rescue craft, particularly in China, Burma, and India. During the Korean War in the early 1950s, helicopters were still largely used in a support role. Both the U.S. Army and
- [The Heinrich Focke Fa 61](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-heinrich-focke-fa-61/) - Heinrich Focke was a German professor who founded the Focke-Wulf Airplane company. In the 1930s, he began working on helicopters. His research focused on the problem of how to control the rotaries. In 1932, Focke built a model helicopter, but it took 4 years for him to build a full-scale one. In 1936, Focke and
- [English and French Helicopters](https://www.century-of-flight.net/english-and-french-helicopters/) - England Many important advances in helicopter technology were made in Europe, with Germany playing a leading role. In England, however, little attention was paid to the helicopter until 1944. That year, the Bristol Aeroplane Company created a Helicopter Division, which was ultimately named Bristol Helicopters. Related Article - Airline Transport Pilot Certificate (ATP): 4 Things
- [Civil and Commercial Helicopter Use](https://www.century-of-flight.net/civil-and-commercial-helicopter-use/) - When helicopters first became a viable form of air travel, they were mostly utilized by the military. But there are also great commercial and civil uses for helicopters, and thousands of them have been used for such functions worldwide. The first commercial helicopter was the Sikorsky S-51. The most popular early model was the Bell
- [Jacques Bréguet’s Gyroplane-Laboratoire](https://www.century-of-flight.net/jacques-breguets-gyroplane-laboratoire/) - The Wright brothers are generally credited with developing the airplane, but helicopters have a much longer and troubled history. Engineers, inventors, and scientists around the world worked to turn the idea of the “gyroplane” into a working machine. But they lacked the necessary knowledge to control the aeronautical forces that lifted a helicopter off the
- [Early Helicopter Technology](https://www.century-of-flight.net/early-helicopter-technology/) - The mechanics that make helicopter flight possible have been around for centuries. In ancient China, children put slightly twisted feathers on sticks and rapidly spin them, so that they would lift into the air and gently fly back to the ground. In ancient Greece, the mathematician and inventor Archimedes created a rotating screw for a
- [Contributions of the Autogyro](https://www.century-of-flight.net/contributions-of-the-autogyro/) - At the beginning of 1923, Juan de la Cierva, a Spanish engineer, developed a rotor blade design and articulated rotor blades. Cierva used a flexible hinge to attach the blades to a shaft. Once the articulated rotor blades began moving, the hinge enabled Cierva to control the lift created by the blades. Once he figured
- [Aces of World War 2](https://www.century-of-flight.net/aces-of-world-war-2/) - World War 2 was fraught with 100's, possibly even 1,000's of aerial battles. From the skies over France, the UK, and Germany, to the air combat in the Pacific, a number of fighter pilots became legendary aces. These aces of Word War II were not limited to American fighter pilots, as you'll find out shortly.
- [The Flight of the NC-4](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-flight-of-the-nc-4/) - Before World War I, there were no planes capable of flying from Newfoundland to Ireland. This was the shortest route across the Atlantic Ocean. It was a distance of 1,900 miles, or 3,057 kilometers, and no engine available at the time could reliably make the 20- to 30-hour-long journey. In 1913, Lord Northcliffe had put
- [The Great Aerial Races](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-great-aerial-races/) - Aerial racing in the United States began in 1910, when Glenn Curtiss and Louis Paulhan won races in Los Angeles. Paulhan also won the notoriously difficult London-to-Manchester race. Newcomer Claude Grahame-White won the Gordon-Bennett race on Long Island in late 1910. Related Article - 5 Best Low Time Pilot Jobs With 250 Hours In Europe,
- [The Schneider Cup](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-schneider-cup/) - In France, Jacques Schneider was one of the people who pushed for advances in aviation. He argued that planes should be able to land on both water and land because many large cities are located close to large bodies of water. To encourage experiments with seaplanes and flying boats, Schneider created an international competition in
- [The Transatlantic Flight of Alcock and Brown](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-transatlantic-flight-of-alcock-and-brown/) - In the early 20th century, the Daily Mail newspaper offered numerous prizes for achievements in aviation. One of them was a £10,000 prize for the first transatlantic flight. In 1919, several teams arrived in Newfoundland to prepare planes and crews for such a crossing. Admiral Mark Kerr was working on the Handley Page V/1500, the
- [Charles Lindbergh](https://www.century-of-flight.net/charles-lindbergh/) - Charles Lindbergh was born on February 2, 1902, in Detroit, Michigan. He dropped out of college to begin a career as barnstormer and mail delivery pilot. When the Orteig Prize was announced as a reward for the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean, Lindbergh set out to win it. He first approached Sicilian plane
- [The Woman Who Dared the Skies](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-woman-who-dared-the-skies/) - Marjorie and Katherine Stinson were the first women to make a real mark in aviation. Marjorie, a legendary flight instructor, ran a flying school in San Antonio, Texas, and Katherine supported her sister’s flying school, the Red Cross, and Liberty Bonds with the money she made with stunt flying. Ruth Law, who came from a
- [History of the Jet Age - Part 2](https://www.century-of-flight.net/history-of-the-jet-age-part-2/) - The First Gulf War The First Gulf War involved some of the most complex and interesting weapons used in fighting. Untrackable and silent airplanes, bombs with super-accurate targeting, missiles capable of hitting other missiles, and satellites allowing someone to know their exact location while in the middle of nowhere, were all used. What became arguably
- [The Atlantic Ocean Strikes Back](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-atlantic-ocean-strikes-back/) - In 1919, Raymond Orteig offered $25,000 to the first person who would fly from New York City to Paris in one flight, in either direction. The prize was valid for 5 years, and the Aero Club of America accepted the challenge. Orteig extended the challenge by another 5 years when no one had been able
- [Space Exploration Milestones](https://www.century-of-flight.net/space-exploration-milestones/) - Space Pioneers Dr. Robert H. Goddard Dr. Robert H. Goddard was an American physicist and inventor who designed and built the first liquid fueled rocket. Goddard filed for over two hundred patents. Including a multi-staged rocket along with a patent for liquid fueled rockets. He was the first to theorize and design rockets for space
- [Ormer Locklear and the "Lunatics"](https://www.century-of-flight.net/ormer-locklear-and-the-lunatics/) - Ever since the invention of the airplane, aerobatics pushed the limits of what could be done with—or on—an airplane. Daredevil pilots looked at flying as an entertaining way to earn a living. Lincoln Beachy, Glenn Curtiss, and Charles Hamilton were the first to impress crowds across the country with their aerial performances. Lincoln Beachy set
- [History of the Jet Age](https://www.century-of-flight.net/history-of-the-jet-age/) - The jet age is one of the most important (if not the most important) times in the history of aviation. Learn about some of the more important milestones of the Jet Age below: Notable Jet Age Experiments / Tests / Pioneers French Ramjet Experiment French engineer Rene Leducis became interested in aircraft propulsion when he
- [Hollywood's Stunt Pilots](https://www.century-of-flight.net/hollywoods-stunt-pilots/) - In the 1910s and 1920s, more and more people because interested in aviation. In response, Hollywood began to add flight scenes into the movies it produced. In true fashion, these scenes often required pilots to take great risks, performing near impossible feats in mid-air. Stunt pilots worked under extremely dangerous circumstances, but their contributions to
- [The End of the Airship Era: The Hindenburg Disaster](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-end-of-the-airship-era-the-hindenburg-disaster/) - Rigid airships were developed in the early 1900s. In Germany, Hugo Eckner was instrumental in popularizing airship travel. In 1924, Eckner commanded the airship Los Angeles during its flight across the Atlantic Ocean. Encouraged by the success, he was responsible for building the even bigger airship Graf Zeppelin. Beginning in 1928, the Graf Zeppelin regularly
- [History of the Atlas Rocket](https://www.century-of-flight.net/history-of-the-atlas-rocket/) - As one of the most iconic rockets in use by the space and defense industries within the United States, Atlas is known for many things. The rocket is most known for its use in the Mercury launch where astronauts were sent into orbit. The Atlas name is also associated with satellite delivery as it has
- [Messerschmitt Taifun](https://www.century-of-flight.net/messerschmitt-taifun/) - In the 1930s, Bayerische Flugzeugwerke designed the The Messerschmidt Bf 108 Taifun, a single-engine, all-metal, sport and touring plane. The four-seat craft was created to compete in the 4th Challenge International de Tourisme (1934). Originally called the M 37, its first protoype flew in the spring of 1934. It had a 250 PS (247 hp,
- [The Bombing Raids of World War II](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-bombing-raids-of-world-war-ii/) - Before World War II, air bombing was regarded as a form of sabotage by most countries. Few looked at it as a strategic factor that could impact the outcome of war. This outlook changed with the bombing campaigns of World War II. It became clear that large-scale bombing raids against military, industrial, and even civilian
- [Otto Lilienthal](https://www.century-of-flight.net/otto-lilienthal/) - Many kids and teens are interested in flying, and some even get in trouble with their parents for trying to put their plans into motion. But Otto Lilienthal, considered by many to be the first true aviator, started building flying machines with his brother as a teen—and he never stopped. Born in Pomerania, Germany, in
- [De Havilland Comet: The First Commercial Jetliner](https://www.century-of-flight.net/de-havilland-comet-the-first-commercial-jetliner/) - Back in 1929, a Royal Air Force officer by the name of Frank Whittle had the idea to develop an airplane with a gas turbine engine. During that time, aircraft used a propeller to move forward. This new proposal suggested having exhaust gases forced out of the engine to propel the airplane forward. According to
- [Sir George Cayley: Paving the Way for Modern Aviation](https://www.century-of-flight.net/sir-george-cayley-paving-the-way-for-modern-aviation/) - December 17, 1903, is remembered as a monumental day in aviation history — the day that Orville and Wilbur Wright achieved the age-old dream of flight and took off on the first sustained airplane ride. Several decades before the Wright brothers ascended from Kitty Hawk, however, Sir George Cayley of Yorkshire, England, launched another human
- [Hans von Ohain Mini Biography](https://www.century-of-flight.net/hans-von-ohain-mini-biography/) - Early Life - Death Hans von Ohain was a native of the town of Dessau, Germany. He was born as Hans Joachim Pabst von Ohain in 1911. After obtaining a Ph.D. in Physics and Aerodynamics, he worked on several engineering and aerospace projects. Although none of his work ever went into production, his original designs
- [Clément Ader Mini Biography](https://www.century-of-flight.net/clement-ader-mini-biography/) - Clément Ader was an inventor and engineer. He was born February 4th, 1841 in Muret, France and died on March 5, 1926. Clément was a pioneer of flight predating the Wright brothers. He was an early aviation enthusiast. During the Franco-German War of 1870-71, Ader constructed a balloon at his own expense, propelling his interest
- [The Worlds First Bombing Attack](https://www.century-of-flight.net/the-worlds-first-bombing-attack/) - In the early twentieth century, airplanes and their use for military purposes were still in their infancy. After the Wright Brothers' first demonstration of airplane flight, many governments around the world considered the use of airplanes (or “aeroplanes,” as they were originally called) in warfare. These “heavier than air” machines were initially used by militaries

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- [difference between turbojet and turbofan](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/difference-between-turbojet-and-turbofan/)
- [jet engine vs turbofan](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/jet-engine-vs-turbofan/)
- [entry level pilot jobs](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/entry-level-pilot-jobs/)
- [vasi](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/vasi/)
- [vasi lights](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/vasi-lights/)
- [visual approach slope indicator](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/visual-approach-slope-indicator/)
- [runway landing lights](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/runway-landing-lights/)
- [airport landing lights](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/airport-landing-lights/)
- [class g airspace](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-g-airspace/)
- [class g airport](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-g-airport/)
- [uncontrolled airspace](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/uncontrolled-airspace/)
- [how to read an altimeter](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/how-to-read-an-altimeter/)
- [how does an altimeter work](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/how-does-an-altimeter-work/)
- [airplane altimeter](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/airplane-altimeter/)
- [reading an altimeter](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/reading-an-altimeter/)
- [fowler flaps](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/fowler-flaps/)
- [fowler flap](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/fowler-flap/)
- [fowler flap design](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/fowler-flap-design/)
- [special vfr rules](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/special-vfr-rules/)
- [special vfr requirements](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/special-vfr-requirements/)
- [special vfr at night](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/special-vfr-at-night/)
- [airspeed indicator](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/airspeed-indicator/)
- [plane speedometer](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/plane-speedometer/)
- [airspeed indicator markings](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/airspeed-indicator-markings/)
- [constant speed propeller](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/constant-speed-propeller/)
- [constant speed prop](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/constant-speed-prop/)
- [prop governor](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/prop-governor/)
- [variable pitch propeller](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/variable-pitch-propeller/)
- [crosswind landing](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/crosswind-landing/)
- [crosswind landing technique](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/crosswind-landing-technique/)
- [crab landing](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/crab-landing/)
- [sideslip landing](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/sideslip-landing/)
- [true airspeed](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/true-airspeed/)
- [types of airspeed](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/types-of-airspeed/)
- [calibrated airspeed](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/calibrated-airspeed/)
- [indicated airspeed](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/indicated-airspeed/)
- [ground speed](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/ground-speed/)
- [equivalent airspeed](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/equivalent-airspeed/)
- [airspace classes](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/airspace-classes/)
- [class e airspace](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-e-airspace/)
- [class d airspace](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-d-airspace/)
- [class b airspace](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-b-airspace/)
- [parts of an airplane](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/parts-of-an-airplane/)
- [parts of aircraft](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/parts-of-aircraft/)
- [airplane rudder](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/airplane-rudder/)
- [left turning tendencies](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/left-turning-tendencies/)
- [p factor](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/p-factor/)
- [gyroscopic procession aviation](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/gyroscopic-procession-aviation/)
- [4 left turning tendencies](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/4-left-turning-tendencies/)
- [slipstream aviation](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/slipstream-aviation/)
- [light gun signals](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/light-gun-signals/)
- [airport light signals](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/airport-light-signals/)
- [atc light gun](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/atc-light-gun/)
- [tower light gun signals](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/tower-light-gun-signals/)
- [types of hypoxia](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/types-of-hypoxia/)
- [hypemic hypoxia](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/hypemic-hypoxia/)
- [hypoxia symptoms aviation](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/hypoxia-symptoms-aviation/)
- [types of flaps](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/types-of-flaps/)
- [slotted flaps](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/slotted-flaps/)
- [flap types](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/flap-types/)
- [plain flap](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/plain-flap/)
- [split flaps](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/split-flaps/)
- [stages of hypoxia](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/stages-of-hypoxia/)
- [pilot hypoxia](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/pilot-hypoxia/)
- [ford trimotor aircraft](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/ford-trimotor-aircraft/)
- [trimotores](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/trimotores/)
- [tristar](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/tristar/)
- [retractable landing gear](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/retractable-landing-gear/)
- [types of landing gear](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/types-of-landing-gear/)
- [retractable vs fixed landing gear](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/retractable-vs-fixed-landing-gear/)
- [rvr aviation](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/rvr-aviation/)
- [runway visual range](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/runway-visual-range/)
- [metar rvr](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/metar-rvr/)
- [rvr visibility](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/rvr-visibility/)
- [junker ju 52](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/junker-ju-52/)
- [junkers 52](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/junkers-52/)
- [ju-52 plane](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/ju-52-plane/)
- [junkers tri motor](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/junkers-tri-motor/)
- [erj 135](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/erj-135/)
- [embraer 135](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/embraer-135/)
- [e135 jet](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/e135-jet/)
- [e135 aircraft](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/e135-aircraft/)
- [f7f tigercat](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/f7f-tigercat/)
- [f7f](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/f7f/)
- [grumman f7f tigercat](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/grumman-f7f-tigercat/)
- [b32 bomber](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/b32-bomber/)
- [b-32 dominator](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/b-32-dominator/)
- [consolidated b-32 dominator](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/consolidated-b-32-dominator/)
- [b77w](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/b77w/)
- [b77w aircraft](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/b77w-aircraft/)
- [b77w plane](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/b77w-plane/)
- [boeing b77w](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/boeing-b77w/)
- [tricycle landing gear](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/tricycle-landing-gear/)
- [pontoon landing gear](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/pontoon-landing-gear/)
- [tailwheel landing gear](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/tailwheel-landing-gear/)
- [special use airspace](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/special-use-airspace/)
- [special use airspace types](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/special-use-airspace-types/)
- [national security area](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/national-security-area/)
- [controlled firing area](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/controlled-firing-area/)
- [restricted airspace](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/restricted-airspace/)
- [class delta airspace](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-delta-airspace/)
- [class d airport](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-d-airport/)
- [class d dimensions](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-d-dimensions/)
- [class d requirements](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-d-requirements/)
- [unusual attitude recovery](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/unusual-attitude-recovery/)
- [unusual attitudes aviation](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/unusual-attitudes-aviation/)
- [unusual attitude](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/unusual-attitude/)
- [visual descent point](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/visual-descent-point/)
- [vdp](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/vdp/)
- [vdp calculation](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/vdp-calculation/)
- [missed approach point](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/missed-approach-point/)
- [class bravo airspace](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-bravo-airspace/)
- [class b requirements](https://www.century-of-flight.net/tag/class-b-requirements/)